The historic "Convegno di Medicina della Riproduzione" in Abano has reached its 39th edition, taking place this year at the prestigious Aula Magna of the University of Padua. The conference will address the topic of declining birth rates and the various influencing factors through a comprehensive approach that has always been a hallmark of this congress. Experts in the fields of medicine, biology, statistics, and environmental sciences will engage in discussions. The World Health Organization estimates that infertility affects one in six couples, leading to a true "demographic winter." The conference will investigate possible causes and explore intervention strategies to mitigate this phenomenon. It will also delve into new frontiers of artificial intelligence and sexuality. The second day will focus on roundtable discussions about obesity and new therapeutic frontiers, the papillomavirus, infertility, and aging. This significant scientific gathering unites gynecologists, andrologists, endocrinologists, urologists, general practitioners, as well as biologists, embryologists, and laboratory technicians, providing a platform for dialogue and updates in endocrinology and reproductive medicine, identifying scientific themes that propose new pathogenic hypotheses for infertility and innovative treatment strategies and technological applications.